Baseball sized stones called Galet absorb and reflect heat by day and gently radiate warmth by night
It's early May. The vines have awakened and now they're stretching and yawning. Clusters of grape buds are ready to blossom while bees are putting on their helmets and flight jackets. It's a cycle called the Grand Growth stage in which canes will extend and leaves will proliferate until Summer Solstice.
Sauvignon Blanc is the "Mommy" (host) and Cabernet Franc is the "Daddy". Together, they hybridized the King of Red Wine - Cabernet Sauvignon. Thanks Mom. And, thanks Dad.
As a winemaker from "New Joisey" might say: Tanks for your business.
For centuries a dedicated vintner would walk the miles of his vineyards at least twice a year looking for irrigation leaks, failure or worse, blight and pestilence. Now he can do it from his favorite chair.
Shorter days signal vines to cease tip growth and leaf production. Now the vines develop their fruit, store root energy for spring bud push and amazingly, they set the crop for next year's harvest in the canes. This may be the last irrigation for the season to keep the vines fit and stress free. .....And, of course, HAPPY
Is there a purpose to growing roses in a vineyard? Does it look pretty? Yes. Do they attract bees for pollination? Probably. The real function is that Roses are very susceptible to mildew which signals the vintner to treat his vines A.S.A.P. Today, however, spraying regimes and techniques are such that roses are not as essential as in the years past.
It's an endemic problem in the Industry effecting roughly 1 in 100,000 corks with a compound of water, chlorine and mold (2-4-6 trichloroanisol) . Just 1 part per million can taint the contents of a bottle with the smell of wet dog or wet newspaper and it's undetectable until you pull the cork at your table. That's why each and every cork you extract from a bottle should be given a quick sniff for assurance. Besides you'll look so Sommelier-ish.
The Picking Knife was invented by the Romans. Today, 2500 years later, it remains the tool of choice for hand harvesting grapes throughout the world.
A refractometer bends light rays around solids and in ripening grapes, they are mostly sugar which fermentation will convert into equal parts ethyl alcohol and CO2. However there are additional solids in a grape - pulp, skin, seed, etc. Sugar x .55 (vs .50) = Alc OR 23.5 RS x .55 = 12.9% Alc .While one can't place this reading on a label, it gives the vintner an idea of the outcome.
Vines are busy ripening their fruit. Berries turn color and become turgid. Inside, acid is respiring and natural sugars are building. The vintner picks when just enough acid remains and just enough sugar has developed for a wine that will achieve a perfect balance. This final stage in the vine's growing season is called Veraison, pronounced ver-eye-SAWN in French or VREY-zin in American English. It signals that harvest is near. The vine's lateral growth has been trimmed away so that grapes ripen evenly with full exposure to sunlight. Vintners are checking sugar levels almost daily because the harvest window is very narrow.
Look at the very edge of this tongue of wine, as it has something to say. Purple-ish = youth. Garnet or brick red = very drinkable (fruit). Tawny or onion skin = aged (complex). A wide clear halo = Watery wine or sulphur used to correct a wine. A story that meets the eye.
It takes a thief to get wine out of a barrel. This is a glass tube with an aperture at its pointed base and one at the top with an elbow or swan so the wine can be transported horizontally. The Winemaker submerges the tube into the wine and when a desired level is achieved, he/she places his/her thumb over the hole at the top and creates a vacuum keeping the wine inside, like a pipette. When over or in a desired vessel, the thumb is released and so is the wine. In wineries all over the globe, thieves are always good to have around.
In Jerez de la Frontera in southern Spain, Sherry is produced by a dual fermentation - one producing wine and the second on the wine's surface producing the classic taste of Sherry. In order to sample the wine a special, flexible instrument is required to part the blanket of floating yeast and remove the sample before it reforms. It's called a Venencia and the skilled, flamboyant operator is the Venenciador (Salesman). Pouring from this three foot tool creates a 3 to 4 ft. stream to the waiting copitas (glasses) and he/she NEVER SPILLS A DROP!! So much fun to watch and the Sherry tastes .....oh so good. Olé!
The Wine Country in California naturally glows yellow in February and March as mustard proliferates and blossoms among the vines. The Spanish monks who explored and mapped California imported mustard seeds along with their grape vines because they knew this plant had properties to recharge soils. They were right. Mustard is rich in nitrogen and when disced under it fertilizes the soil. It is also a member of the Brassica Family (broccoli, cauliflour, chicory, etc.), as it organically drives away pests such as nematodes and the dreaded phylloxera (a root louse that wreaked havoc in vineyards across the globe.) Besides being pleasing to the eye, it's hard at work protecting the vines.
Birds, craving sweetness to punctuate their monotonous diet, wait on wires or in trees at the perimeter of a vineyard to commute in and feast. It's not so much what they eat; it's what they destroy with their feet and their defecation. Vintners have a large arsenal of hazing weapons from lasers to propane cannons; from statues to kites to drones disguised as predators. In wide usage is flashing from mylar ribbons or strips attached to the vine.There was a vineyard that could be seen on a hill from mine that employed the mylar technique and my guests would ask: "What's going on in that flickering vineyard?" I would reply: "Oh, that's a vineyard producing grapes for SPARKLING WINE". If only you could see the expressions on their faces, especially when they figured it out.
RED: A Fall leaf virus Red Leaf Mosaic. The vines are O.K.
YELLOW: No virus and no chlorophyll.
GREEN: Photosynthesis continues.
BROWN: Simple desiccation (drying).
Here's something for the Holidays or just about any festivity around your home. It's so Heavenly, that God would be proud of you. This Brie is the best French Brie to ever part my lips. The yeasty character of the Champagne and the bloomy, surface rind fermentation of the cheese creates a combined, microbial burst you have to taste to believe. Serve with crusty bread, crackers and any assortment of fruit - apples or pear
(Do I hear strawberry?) - and it will probably become a new aperitif of choice. Let's just say, it became mine.
Chemical fertilizers are not permitted in a vineyard certified Organic, so what grows between the rows must do the job each winter. Vintners analyze the soil for its deficiencies, aeration needs and erosion possibilities. Then they plant accordingly - crimson or yellow clover, various fescues, mustard, peas buckwheat, oats, etc. The old Italians planted fava beans (which actually deposit nitrogen into the soil rather than absorb it). In the spring they would harvest and enjoy them in pasta - Delicioso (or YUM!)
Great wines cannot come from hot climates, as vines would die from exhaustion. Night time freezing temperatures in double digits (20 - 30 degrees) keep vines dormant and resting without damage. It's the frosts that occur after spring bud break that wreak all the damage in temperate and even marginal zones. Some vintners delay pruning their early ripening varietals to keep vines dormant and dodge frosts for a couple of additional weeks.
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